酸沉降影响的湖泊沉积学证据   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

朱育新  胡守云  王云飞  尹宇  潘红玺  周万平 《海洋与湖沼》2002,33(4):379-385

以阳宗海为例 ,通过湖泊短柱状沉积物的磁参数、Fe、Al和化石生物的分析研究以及自然酸性湖泊沉积参数的对比验证 ,结果显示 :低频磁化率 ( χlf)、非磁滞剩磁 (ARM)的数值以及介形类、硅藻的属种与浓度变化灵敏地指示工业大气污染和酸沉降的起点、过程和环境变化趋势 ;Fe、Al的显著递减同步于较强酸沉降时段 ,是工业大气污染危害湖泊环境的标志。上述环境参数可作为识别湖泊酸化趋势的沉积学证据。酸性水体的元素地球化学作用及其对水生生物的影响———生物贫化和耐酸物种的扩张是湖泊沉积物重现酸沉降的历史和过程的理论依据。  相似文献   

中国东南近海海底沉积物声学物理性质及其相关关系   总被引：17，自引：3，他引：17  

卢博  李赶先  孙东怀  黄韶健  张福生 《热带海洋学报》2006,25(2):12-17

在获得的数据资料基础上,发现了中国东南近海海底沉积物声学物理参数的平面分布规律,通过对这些参数的回归分析以及对声速和沉积物密度的估计,建立了经验公式。结果显示,中国东南近海海底沉积物的基本声学物理特性如下:沉积物类型多样而且复杂,从黏土到砂砾有13个颗粒组分组合;沉积物物理力学参数变化范围较大;沉积物声学性质相对于附近海域的数据变化范围更大。这些都与海底沉积环境、沉积物来源、沉积条件和沉积作用过程有关。该项研究有助于建立海底地声模型及开展应用。  相似文献   

High resolution seafloor images in the Gulf of Cadiz, Iberian margin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

V. Hanquiez  T. Mulder  E. Gonthier  M. Voisset 《Marine Geology》2007,246(1):42-59

In the Gulf of Cadiz, the hydrodynamic process acting on particle transport and deposition is a strong density-driven bottom current caused by the outflow of the saline deep Mediterranean water at the Strait of Gibraltar: the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW). New high resolution acoustic data including EM300 multibeam echo-sounder, deep-towed acoustic system SAR and very high resolution seismic, completed by piston cores collected during the CADISAR cruise allow to improve the understanding of the hydrodynamics of the MOW in the eastern part of the Gulf of Cadiz. Interpretation of data corrects the previous model established in this area and allows, for the first time, the accurate characterization of various bedforms and erosive structures along the MOW pathway and the precise identification of numerous gravity instabilities. The interaction between the MOW, the seafloor morphology and the Coriolis force is presently the driving force of the sedimentary distribution pattern observed on the Gulf of Cadiz continental slope.  相似文献   

A survey of the Indian ocean triple junction trace within the Antarctic plate. Implications for the junction evolution since 15 Ma.     

Ph. Patriat  L. Parson 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1989,11(2):89-100

The junction between oceanic crust generated, within the Antarctic plate, at the Southeast Indian Ridge and the Southwest Indian Ridge has been studied using a SEABEAM swathe bathymetry mapping system and other geophysical techniques between the Indian Ocean Triple Junction (approximately 25°S, 70° E), and a point some 500 km to the southwest (at 28°25 S, 66°35 E). The morphotectonic boundary which marks this trace of the ridge-ridge-ridge triple junction is complex and varies with age. Recent theories proposing a cyclicity of volcanic and tectonic processes at this mode of triple junctions appear to be supported by a series of regularly spaced, en echelon escarpments facing the slowly spreading (0.6 to 0.8 cm a^-1, half rate) Southwest Indian Ridge axis. The en echelon escarpments intersect at approximately right angles with the regularly spaced oceanic spreading fabric formed on the Antarctic plate at the Southeast Indian Ridge and together locally flank uplifted northward-pointing corner sections of ocean floor. The origins for the localised elevations are unclear, but may relate to intermittent and/or alternating rifting and volcanic episodes. Variations of degree of asymmetry and/or obliquity in spreading on the Central Indian Ridge and the Southwest Indian Ridge are suggested to explain detailed structural changes along the triple junction trace. It is suggested that discontinuities of the trace may be related to an intermittent development of new spreading centres beneath the most easterly part of the Southwest Indian Ridge, coupled with a more continuous process beneath the faster spreading Central Indian Ridge (2 to 2.5 cm a^-1) and the Southeast Indian Ridge (2.5 to 3 cm a^-1). A detailed history of triple junction evolution may be thus inferred from basic morphological and structural mapping along the three triple junction traces.  相似文献   

Small turbidite systems in a complex tectonic setting (SW Mediterranean Sea): morphology and growth patterns   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Beln Alonso  Gemma Ercilla 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2002,19(10)

Three small turbidite systems (Almeria, Sacratif, and Guadiaro), each tens of kilometres long, are developed in the complex morpho-structural setting of the northern Alboran Sea and have similar primary architectural elements (canyons, channel-levee systems, lobes). However, comparison reveals differences in the axial gradients of their canyons, depth/physiographic location, morphological framework, and lateral and longitudinal sedimentary shifts of turbidite deposition. The depositional architecture and sedimentary evolution from late Pliocene to Quaternary seems to be conditioned by number of submarine feeding sources (canyons), sea-level fluctuations and local tectonic (e.g. margin/canyon-channel gradients, faults). We group the Alboran turbidite systems into two models: mud/sand-rich submarine point-source and mud/sand-rich multiple submarine source ramp.  相似文献   

Predicting the optical properties of the West Florida Shelf: resolving the potential impacts of a terrestrial boundary condition on the distribution of colored dissolved and particulate matter   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

W. Paul Bissett  Robert Arnone  Sharon DeBra  Dwight A. Dieterle  Daniel Dye  Gary J. Kirkpatrick  Oscar M. Schofield  Gabriel A. Vargo 《Marine Chemistry》2005,95(3-4):199-233

Predicting the distribution of Inherent Optical Properties (IOPs) in the water column requires predicting the physical, chemical, biological, and optical interactions in a common framework that facilitates feedback responses. This work focuses on the development of ecological and optical interaction equations embedded in a 2D hindcast model of the shallow water optical properties on the West Florida Shelf (WFS) during late summer/fall of 1998. This 2D simulation of the WFS includes one case with a Loop Current intrusion above the 40-m isobath and one with the Loop Current intrusion in addition to a periodic terrestrial nutrient supply below the 10-m isobath. The ecological and optical interaction equations are an expansion of a previously developed model for open ocean conditions (Bissett, W.P., Carder, K.L., Walsh, J.J., Dieterle, D.A., 1999a. Carbon cycling in the upper waters of the Sargasso Sea: II. Numerical simulation of apparent and inherent optical properties. Deep-Sea Research, Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 46 (2), 271–317; Bissett, W.P., Walsh, J.J., Dieterle, D.A., Carder, K.L., 1999b. Carbon cycling in the upperwaters of the Sargasso Sea: I. Numerical simulation of differential carbon and nitrogen fluxes. Deep-Sea Research, Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 46 (2), 205–269). The expansion includes an increase in the number of elemental pools to include silica, phosphorus, and iron, an increase in the number of phytoplankton functional groups, and a redevelopment of the Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) and Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) interaction equations. It was determined from this simulation that while the Loop Current alone was able to predict the water column conditions present during the summer, the Loop Current alone was not enough to simulate the magnitude of optical constituents present in the fall of 1998 when compared to satellite imagery. Simulating terrestrial inorganic and organic nutrients and CDOM pulses coinciding with significant meteorological events and high freshwater pulses released from the major rivers feeding the WFS were required to accurately predict the distribution and scale of the inherent optical properties at the surface during the fall months. Modeling the in situ light field for phytoplankton growth and community competition requires addressing the CDOM optical constituent explicitly. The majority of the annually modeled CDOM on WFS was created via in situ production; however, it was also rapidly removed via advection and photochemical destruction. A pulse of terrestrial nutrient and organic color was required to simulate the dramatic changes in surface color seen in satellite imagery on the WFS. The dynamics of the biogeochemical portion of the simulation demonstrate the importance of nonstoichiometric supplies of terrestrial nutrients on the WFS to the prediction of nutrient and CDOM fluxes.  相似文献   

云南马关新生代地幔包体中橄榄石的显微构造及其反映的上地幔物理状态特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈忠  丘学林  陆琦  颜文  吴世敏  施小斌 《热带海洋学报》2004,23(1):34-43

利用氧化缀饰法研究了云南马关新生代地幔尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体中橄榄石的位错构造。其位错构造种类多样、形态各异,主要包括(100)和(001)位错壁、亚颗粒构造、位错网格、{100}滑动条带构造等,表明该区上地幔岩具高温高应变和低温高应变特征。包体形成的温度T为1016—1098℃,压力P为18.3×108—20.6×108Pa。马关上地幔温压状态具有大洋地幔地温特征,热流值达85mW·m-2。上地幔的流动应力σ为27.9—59.7MPa,流动速率ε为1.37×10-18—2.17×10-16s-1,等效粘滞度η为9.18×1022—6.92×1024Pa·s。该区上地幔的高流动应力、高热状态和裂谷带型的流动速率、等效粘滞度特征,可能与16MaB.P.以来区域性东西向伸展作用有关。  相似文献   

海洋环境动力学物理模拟的尺度分析及相似条件     

刘学海  袁业立 《海洋科学进展》2006,24(3):285-291

物理模拟较大海域的环境动力场是物理模型试验的一个发展方向,也是近海环境治理的有效研究手段。对具有较大尺度海域的模拟需要考虑地转缺失的影响。从潮流基本控制方程出发,通过对方程的无因次化,给出评价柯氏力作用大小的方法,并就中国典型的海湾进行尺度分析,量化物理模拟时因地转缺失引起的偏差程度,讨论在这些海域是否可以付诸物理模型试验。同时,还导出了潮流泥沙试验和潮流污染物扩散试验的相似比尺关系。  相似文献   

Western fault zone of South China Sea and its physical simulation evidences     

SUN Longtao  SUN Zhen  ZHAN Wenhuan  SUN Zongxun  ZHAO Minghui  XIA Shaohong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2006,25(3):58-67

1IntroductionThe South China Sea(SCS)is one of the lar-gest marginal seas of the West Pacific.A complexstrike-slip faultsystemdeveloped in the westof SCS,which is trending NW to nearly SN.This fault sys-tem is the strike-slip boundary of Indo-China blockm…  相似文献   

Properties of sea ice and overlying snow in the Southern Sea of Okhotsk     

Takenobu Toyota  Shinya Takatsuji  Kazutaka Tateyama  Kazuhiro Naoki  Kay I. Ohshima 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(3):393-411

The general properties of sea ice and overlying snow in the southern Sea of Okhotsk were examined during early February of 2003 to 2005 with the P/V “Soya”. Thin section analysis of crystal structure revealed that frazil ice (48% of total core length) was more prevalent than columnar ice (39%) and that stratigraphic layering was prominent with a mean layer thickness of 12 cm, indicating that dynamic processes are essential to ice growth. The mean thickness of ice blocks and visual observations suggest that ridging dominates the deformation process above thicknesses of 30 to 40 cm. As for snow, it was found that faceted crystals and depth hoar are dominant (78%), as which is also common in the Antarctic sea ice, and is indicative of the strong vertical temperature gradients within the snow. Stable isotope measurements (δ¹⁸O) indicate that snow ice occupies 9% of total core length and that the mass fraction of meteoric ice accounts for 1 to 2% of total ice volume, which is lower than the Antarctic sea ice. Associated with this, the effective fractionation coefficient during the freezing of seawater was also derived. Snow ice was characterized by lower density, higher salinity, and nearly twice the gas content of ice of seawater origin. In addition, it is shown that the surface brine volume fraction and freeboard are well correlated with ice thickness, indicating some promise for remote sensing approaches to the estimation of ice thickness.  相似文献